Heat-stable polyimide resins

ABSTRACT

New heat-stable resins are provided having good mechanical and electrical properties combined with chemical inertness at temperatures of 200° to 300° C, which resins are resins of a three-dimensional polyimide which is obtained by reacting, at between 50° C and 350° C, a bisimide of the general formula: ##STR1## in which Y denotes H, CH 3  or Cl, and A represents a divalent organic radical possessing at least two carbon atoms, a polyamine of the general formula: 
     
         R (NH.sub.2).sub.x 
    
     in which x represents an integer at least equal to 2 and R denotes an organic radical of valency x, and an alazine of the general formula: 
     
          G -- CH ═ N -- N ═ CH -- G 
    
     in which G represents a monovalent aromatic radical, and a polymerizable monomer other than a bis-imide, containing at least one polymerizable vinyl, maleic, allyl or acrylic --CH ═ C&lt;  group in amounts such that if N 1  represents the number of mols of bis-imide employed, N 2  represents the number of mols of polyamine employed and N 3  represents the number of mols of alazine employed, the ratio ##EQU1## is at least 1.3, x being defined as above.

This is a Division of application Ser. No. 448,262 filed Mar. 5, 1974,now U.S. Pat. No. 3,970,714, which in turn is a Continuation-in-partApplication of U.S. Ser. No. 228,232, filed Feb. 22, 1972.

The present invention relates to new heat-stable resins based onthree-dimensional polyimides.

French Pat. No. 1,555,564 describes heat-curable resins obtained byreacting a H,H'-bis-imide of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with adi-primary diamine; the reactants are used in approximately equimolarproportions or with an excess of bis-imide.

Furthermore linear polymers are known which are obtained by heating abis-maleimide with benzalazine, the reactants being used instoichiometric amounts or with a molar excess of bis-imide; the crudepolymer is then washed with chloroform and acetone [see Stille andAnoys, J. Polym. Sci. A - Vol. 2, page 1487 (1964)]. The authors furtherindicate that the viscosity of the crude polymers decreases duringprolonged heating above 200° C. and consider this result to be theconsequence of a depolymerisation taking place.

The present invention provides new heat-stable resins based onthree-dimensional polyimides, which are stable towards heat stresses andwhich are obtained by reacting, at between 50° C. and 350° C., abis-imide of the general formula: ##STR2## in which the symbol Yrepresents H, CH₃ or Cl, and A represents a divalent organic radicalpossessing at least two carbon atoms, with a polyamine of the generalformula:

    R(NH.sub.2).sub.x                                          II

in which x represents an integer at least equal to 2 and R denotes anorganic radical of valency x, and an aldehydeamine of the generalformula:

    G -- CH = N -- N = CH -- G                                 III

(hereafter referred to as an alazine), in which G denotes a monovalentaromatic radical, in amounts such that if N₁ represents the number ofmols of bis-imide employed, N₂ represents the number of mole ofpolyamine employed and N₃ represents the number of mols of alazineemployed, ##EQU2## is at least 1.3, x being defined as above.

In formula I, the symbol A can, for example, represent a linear orbranched alkylene radical having less than 13 carbon atoms, a phenyleneor cyclohexylene radical, or one of the radicals of formulae: ##STR3##wherein n represents an integer from 1 to 3 or a divalent radical with12 to 30 carbon atoms consisting of phenylene or cyclohexylene radicalsbonded to one another by a simple valency bond or by an inert atom orgroup such as --O--, --S--, an alkylene group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms,--CO--, --SO₂ --, --NR₁ --, --N═N--, --CONH--, --COO--, --P(O)R₁ --,--CONH--X--NHCO--, ##STR4## wherein R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, analkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl or cyclohexyl radicaland x represents an alkylene radical with less than 13 carbon atoms.Furthermore, the various phenylene or cyclohexylene radicals can besubstituted by methyl groups.

Specific examples of bis-imides (I) include:N,N'-ethylene-bis-maleimide, N,N'-hexamethylene-bis-maleimide,N,N'-meta-phenylene-bis-maleimide, N,N'-paraphenylene-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-biphenylylene-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-diphenyl-ether-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-diphenylsulphone-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-dichlohexylmethane-bis-maleimide,N,N'-α,α'-4,4'-dimethylene-cyclohexane-bis-maleimide,N,N'-meta-xylylene-bis-maleimide, N,N'-para-xylylene-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-(1,1-diphenylcyclohexane)-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-chloromaleimide,N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-citraconimide,N,N'-4,4'-(1,1-diphenyl-propane)-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-(1,1,1-triphenylethane)-bis-maleimide,N,N'-4,4'-triphenylmethane-bis-maleimide andN,N'-3,5-triazole-1,2,4-bis-maleimide. These bis-imides can be preparedaccording to the methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,018,290 andBritish patent Specification No. 1,137,592, for example.

The polyamine (II) can be, for example, a di-primary diamine of thegeneral formula:

    H.sub.2 N -- E -- NH.sub.2                                 V

in which E represents one of the radicals which A may represent. Typicaldi-primary diamines which can be used include4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, 1,4-diamino-cyclohexane,2,6-diamino-pyridine, meta-phenylenediamine, para-phenylenediamine,4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl) propane, benzidine,4,4'-diamino-phenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminophenyl sulphide,4,4'-diamino-diphenylsulphone, bis(4-aminophenyl)methylphosphine oxide,bis(4-aminophenyl)-phenylphosphine oxide,N,N-bis(4-aminophenyl)-methylamine, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene,metaxylylenediamine, para-xylylenediamine,,1-bis(paraaminophenyl)-phthalane, hexamethylenediamine,6,6'-diamino-2,2'-dipyridyl, 4,4'-diamino-benzophenone,4,4'-diamino-azobenzene, bis(4-aminophenyl)-phenylmethane,1,1-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-cyclohexane,1,1-bis(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-cyclohexane,2,5-bis(m-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole,2,5-bis(p-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole,2,5-bis(m-aminophenyl)-thiazolo(4,5-d-)thiazole,5,5'-di(m-aminophenyl)-(2,2')-bis(1,3,4-oxadiazolyl),4,4'-bis(p-aminophenyl)-2,2'-dithiazole,m-bis[4-(p-aminophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-benzene,2,2'-bis(m-aminophenyl)-5,5'-dibenzimidazole, 4,4'-diamino-benzanilide,phenyl-4,4'-diamino-benzoate,N,N'-bis(4-aminobenzoyl)-p-phenylenediamine,3,5-bis(m-aminophenyl)-4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole,4,4'-N,N'-bis(p-aminobenzoyl)-diamino-diphenylmethane,bis-p-(4-aminophenoxycarbonyl)-benzene, bis-p-(4-aminophenoxy)-benzene,3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 1,1-bis-(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenylethane and3,5-bis(4-aminophenyl)-pyridine.

Amongst the polyamines (II) other than the di-primary diamines, thosewhich posses fewer than 50 carbon atoms and 3 to 5 --NH₂ groups permolecule are preferably used. The --NH₂ groups can be carried by abenzene nucleus optionally substituted by methyl groups, or by anaphthalene, pyridine or triazine nucleus; they can also be carried byseveral benzene nuclei linked to one another by a simple valency bond orby an inert atom or group which can be one of those described above inthe definition of the symbol A, or can be ##STR5## Examples of suchpolyamines include 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene,2,4,6-triaminotoluene, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trimethylbenzene,1,3,7-triaminonaphthalene,2,4,4'-triaminodiphenyl-2,4,6-triaminopyridine, 2,4,4'-triamino-phenylether 2,4,4'-triaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4,4'-triaminodiphenylsulphone,2,4,4'-triaminobenzophenone, 2,4,4'-triamino-3-methyl-diphenylmethane,N,N,N-tri(4-aminophenyl)-amine, tri(4-aminophenyl)-methane,4,4',4"-triaminophenyl orthophosphate, tri(4-aminophenyl)-phosphineoxide, 3,5,4'-triaminobenzanilide, melamine,3,5,3',5'-tetraaminobenzophenone, 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene,2,3,6,7-tetraaminonaphthalene, 3,3'-diaminobenzidine,3,3',4,4'-tetraaminodiphenylmethane,3,3',4,4'-tetraaminodiphenylsulphone,3.5-bis(3,4-diaminophenyl)-pyridine, and the oligomers of the formula##STR6## in which y represents an integer from 1 to 3 and R₂ representsa divalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which areformed during the condensation of aniline with an aldehyde or a ketoneof the formula

    O ═ R.sub.2                                            VII

in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom of the radical R₂ ;examples of such aldehydes and ketones of the formula (VII) includeformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, oenanthaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acetone,methyl ethyl ketone, 2-hexanone, cyclohexanone and acetophenone.

In formula (III), the symbol G can represent, for example, a phenylradical optionally substituted by inert atoms, radicals or groups suchas F, Cl, CH₃, OCH₃ and NO₂. Amongst the alazines which can be used,there may be mentioned benzalazine, p-methoxybenzalazine,p-nitrobenzalazine and p-chlorobenzalazine.

It is to be understood that for the preparation of the resins of thisinvention it is possible to use a mixture of bis-imides as well as amixture of alazines. Equally, it is obvious that the expression"polyamine" covers mixtures of polyamines of the same functionality, ormixtures of polyamines having different functionalities. Generally, oneor more di-primary diamines are used, optionally in combination with oneor more polyamines of higher functionality which can generallyrepresent, by weight, up to 50% of the weight of the diamines employed.Preferably, the amounts of the reactants are chosen so that the ratio(IV) is between 1.5 and 10. The amounts of polyamine and of alazine aregenerally so chosen that ##EQU3## is between 0.05 and 20, preferablybetween 0.1 and 10, x, N₂ and N₃ being as defined above.

The preparation of the resins of this invention is advantageouslycarried out in two stages. In the first stage, a prepolymer (PP) isprepared, which can be shaped as a solution, a suspension, a powder or aliquid mass.

The prepolymers can be prepared in bulk by heating the mixture ofreactants until a homogeneous liquid is obtained. The temperature canvary within rather wide limits as a function of the nature and number ofreactants present but is generally between 50° C and 180° C. It isadvantageous to homogenise the mixture beforehand if the reactants havea relatively high melting point.

The preparation of the prepolymers can also be effected by heating thereactants in a polar solvent such as dimenthylformamide,N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam,diethylformamide or N-acetylpyrrolidone, at a temperature which isgenerally between 50° C and 180° C. The solutions of prepolymers can beused, as they are, for numerous applications; it is also possible toisolate the prepolymer from its solution by precipitation with a diluentwhich is miscible with the polar solvent and does not dissolve theprepolymer, such as water or a hydrocarbon having a boiling point whichdoes not significantly exceed 120° C.

According to a particular embodiment, the prepolymer (PP) can beprepared from the alazine and a prepolymer (P₁) obtained by heating amixture of bis-imide and polyamine. It is also possible first to preparea prepolymer (P₂) by heating a mixture of the alazine and bis-imide andthen to combine it with the polyamine so as to give the prepolymer (PP).

Regardless of the method adopted, the preparation of the prepolymers canbe carried out in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. By "strongacid" as used herein is meant an acid in the Bronsted sense which is amonoacid or polyacid of which at least one group has an ionisationconstant (pKa) less than 4.5. Thus they can be inorganic acids such ashydrochloric, sulphuric, nitric or phosphoric acid, optionallysubstituted by an organic radical, such as sulphonic and phosphonicacids. The acids can also be carboxylic acids which can contain groupswhich do not interfere with the reaction between the bis-imide, thepolyamine and the alazine. The preferred acid is maleic acid. Generally,from 0.5 to 5% by weight relative to the weight of the bis-imide (I) ofacid are employed.

The prepolymers can be used as a liquid mass, with simple hot castingsufficing to shape them. It is also possible to cool and grind them andthen to use them in the form of powders which are remarkably suitablefor compression moulding operations, optionally in the presence offillers in the form of, for example, powders, spheres, granules, fibresor flakes. In the form of suspensions or solutions, the prepolymers canbe used for producing coatings and intermediate pre-impregnatedarticles, the reinforcement consisting of, for example, fibrousmaterials based on aluminium silicate, aluminium oxide, zirconiumsilicate, zirconium oxide, carbon, graphite, boron, asbestos or glass.

In the second stage, the prepolymers can be cured by heating totemperatures of the order of 350° C, and generally between 150° and 300°C; a supplementary shaping can be effected during curing, optionally invacuo or under super-atmospheric pressure; these processes can also becarried out consecutively. The curing can be effected in the presence ofa radical polymerisation initiator such as lauroyl peroxide orazo-bis-isobutyronitrile or an anionic polymerisation catalyst such asdiazabicyclooctane.

For the preparation of the resins intended more particularly for themanufacture of compression-moulded articles, an alternative procedureconsists of curing, under the conditions indicated above, a mixture of aprepolymer (PP₁) obtained from a part of the bis-imide and from thepolyamine, and a prepolymer (PP₂) obtained from the alazine and theremainder of the bis-imide. If the number of mols of bis-imide used forthe preparation of the prepolymers (PP₁) and (PP₂) are respectivelydenoted by n₂ and n₃, amounts of bis-imide are preferably employed suchthat, with the amounts of polyamine and alazine being selectedbeforehand, the ratio ##EQU4## is at least equal to 1,2, and the ratio(n₃ /N₃) is at least equal to 2.2, x, N₂ and N₃ being as indicatedabove. The prepolymers (PP₁) and (PP₂) can be prepared by applying themethods described above for producing the prepolymer (PP). In thefollowing description, it is to be appreciated that mixtures ofprepolymers (PP₁) and (PP₂) are also described as prepolymers (PP).

The resins according to the invention can contain, by way of anadjuvant, an aromatic compound (AR) containing 2 to 4 benzene rings,which is not sublimable at atmospheric pressure up to 250° and which hasa boiling point above 250°; the addition of these aromatic compoundsgenerally contributes to a lowering of the softening point of theprepolymers. In these aromatic compounds, the benzene rings can formcondensed nuclei or be joined to one another by a valency bond or by aninert atom or group such as ##STR7## or a combination of these varioustypes of linkage can be present (in a single compound). The benzenerings can be substituted by inert radicals such as --CH₃, --OCH₃, --F,--Cl and --NO₂. By way of examples, there may especially be mentionedthe isomeric terphenyls, the chlorinated diphenyls, phenyl ether,2,2'-naphthyl ether, o-methoxyphenyl ether, benzophenone,2,5,4'-trimethylbenzophenone, p-phenylbenzophenone,p-fluorobenzophenone, diphenylamine, diphenylmethylamine,triphenylamine, azobenzene, 4,4'-dimethylazobenzene, azoxybenzene,diphenylmethane, 1,1-diphenylethane, 1,1-diphenylpropane,triphenylmethane, diphenylsulphone, phenylsulphide, 1,2-diphenylethane,p-diphenoxybenzene, 1,1-diphenylphthalane, 1,1-diphenylcyclohexane,phenyl benzoate, benzyl benzoate, p-nitrophenyl terephthalate andbenzanilide. These aromatic adjuvants can be used in amounts up to about10% by weight relative to the weight of prepolymer (PP) or to the totalweight of the starting materials. The adjuvant (AR) can be added to theprepolymer (PP) or be introduced into the mixture at any time during itspreparation.

The mechanical properties of the resins intended to withstand long-termheat tests can be improved by incorporation of an anhydride of atricarboxylic or tetracarboxylic aromatic acid. These can bemonoanhydrides such as those of the general formula ##STR8## in whichthe symbol Z can represent a group such as ##STR9## Specificmonoanhydrides, which may be mentioned, include trimellitic anhydrideand the anhydride of benzophenone-3,4,4'-tricarboxylic acid. Theanhydrides can also be dianhydrides such as pyromellitic anhydride or adianhydride of the general formula ##STR10## in which the symbol L canrepresent a divalent radical such as ##STR11## Amongst these latterdianhydrides, there may more particularly be mentioned azophthalicanhydride and the dianhydrides of m- orp-bis(3,4-dicarboxybenzoyl)-benzene. The anhydride is advantageouslyincorporated into the prepolymer (PP) in an amount of the order of 1 to5% by weight relative to the weight of the prepolymer.

The resins of this invention can also be modified by the addition,before curing, of a monomer (M) other than a bis-imide, containing atleast one polymerisable --CH ═ C< group which can be of the vinyl,maleic, allyl and acrylic type. The monomers (M) can possess several--CH ═ C< groups provided the double bonds are not in a conjugatedposition. In one and the same monomer, these groups can belong to thesame or different types. It is thus possible to use a monomer of a givenformula or a mixture of copolymerisable monomers.

The monomers which may be used are generally esters, ethers,hydrocarbons, substituted heterocyclic derivatives, organometalliccompound or organometalloid compounds.

Suitable esters include vinyl, allyl, methallyl, 1-chloroallyl, crotyl,isopropenyl and cinnamyl esters derived from saturated or unsaturatedaliphatic, or aromatic monocarboxylic or polycarboxylic acids, such asformic, acetic, propionic, butyric, oxalic, malonic, succinic, adipic,sebacic, acrylic, methacrylic, phenylacrylic, crotonic, maleic, fumaricitaconic, citraconic, tetrahydrophthalic, acetylene-dicarboxylic,benzoic, phenylacetic, ortho-phthalic, terephthalic and isophthalicacid, as well as the esters of non-polymerisable alcohols such as themethyl, isopropyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl and benzyl esters derived frompolymerisable acids such as those mentioned above. Typical examples ofsuch esters are vinyl acetate, allyl acetate, methyl acrylate andmethacrylate, vinyl methacrylate, allyl maleate, allyl fumarate, allylphthalate, ally malonate and allyl trimellate.

Suitable ethers include vinyl allyl ether, allyl ether, methallyl ether,allyl crotyl ether and vinyl phenyl ether and suitable substitutedheterocyclic derivatives include the vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidone,N-vinylcarbazole, allyl isocyanurate, vinyltetrahydrofurane,vinyldibenzofurane, allyloxytetrahydrofurane and N-allylcaprolactam.

It is also possible to use hydrocarbons such as styrene,alpha-methylstyrene, vinylcyclohexane, 4-vinylcyclohexane,divinylbenzene, divinylcyclohexane, diallylbenzene and vinyltoluene.

Amongst the monomeric organometallic and organometalloid derivativesthere should be mentioned especially those which contain one or moreatoms of phosphorus, boron or silicon. These can be silanes orsiloxanes, phosphines, phosphine oxides or phosphine sulphides,phosphates, phosphites, phosphonates, boranes, orthoborates, boronates,boroxoles, borazoles and phosphazenes. Examples includevinyloxytrimethylsilane, 1,3-diallyl-tetramethyl-disiloxane, allyldimethylphosphine oxide, allyl orthophosphate, allyl methylphosphonate,methyl para-vinylphenylboronate, triallylborazole, triallylboroxole,triallyltrichlorophosphazene, allyl phosphate and allylallylphosphonate.

Furthermore, the monomers indicated above can contain halogen atoms,especially chlorine or fluorine atoms, or functional groups such as analcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl group or a carbonyl, aldehyde or ketone,amido, epoxy or nitrile group. Examples of suitable monomers (M) whichcontain such substituents include allyloxymethanol, p-allyl-oxyphenol,tetraallylepoxylethane, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, allylglycidyl ether, 4-vinylepoxycyclohexane, p-cyanostyrene, acrylamide,N-methacrylamide, N-allylacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, methyl vinylketone, methyl allyl ketone, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylonitrile,p-chlorostyrene and p-fluorostyrene.

The monomer (M) can be added to the prepolymer (PP) or be introducedinto the mixture at any time during its preparation. The amount usedshould generally be chosen so that it represents less than 50%,preferably from 5 to 40%, of the weight of prepolymer (PP) or of thetotal weight of the starting reactants. The curing of the prepolymermodified with a monomer (M) can be effected under the same conditions asfor the curing of the unmodified prepolymer.

The resins of this invention can also be modified by the addition of anunsaturated polyester prior to curing. The unsaturated polyesters whichcan be used are well-known products. They are usually prepared bypolycondensation of polycarboxylic derivatives and polyols at least onecontaining olefinic unsaturation; by polycarboxylic derivatives thereare meant acids, esters of lower alcohols, acid chlorides and, whererelevant, anhydrides. Preferred unsaturated polyesters are diacids ordianhydrides possessing a double bond of the olefinic type in theα,β-position. By way of examples, the dicarboxylic derivatives can be ofthe maleic, chloromaleic, itaconic, citraconic, aconitic, pyrocinchonic,fumaric, chlorendic, endomethylene-tetrahydrophthalic,tetrahydrophthalic, ethylmaleic, succinic, sebacic, phthalic,isophthalic, adipic and hexahydrophthalic type. The most commonly usedpolyols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol,triethylene glycol, neopentylglycol, tetraethylene glycol, butyleneglycol, dipropylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylol-propane,pentaerythritol, sorbitol and 3,3-bis-hydroxymethylcyclohexene.

The term "unsaturated polyester" also covers solutions of thepolycondensates described above in a monomer (M') which is capable ofcopolymerisation with them. These monomers are also well-known inpolyester technology; typical examples include styrene,alpha-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, p-(alpha-methylvinyl)-benzophenone,divinylbenzene, vinyl 2-chloroethyl ether, N-vinylpyrrolidone,2-vinylpyridine, indene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate,acrylamide, N-tbutyl-acrylamide, acrylonitrile,hexahydro-1,3,5-triacrylo-s-triazine, allyl phthalate, allyl fumarate,allyl cyanurate, allyl phosphate, diethylene glycol diallylcarbonate,allyl lactate, allyl malonate, allyl tricarballylate, allyl trimesateand allyl trimellate. If the monomer (M') is used, it generallyrepresents from 10% to 60% of the weight of the solution of unsaturatedpolyester.

The unsaturated polyesters can be prepared by applying known methods; onthis subject, reference may be made, for example, to KIRK-OTHMER:Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd edition, volume 20.

The details relating to the introduction and amounts of unsaturatedpolyester as well as to the curing to give resins are identical to thosewhich have been mentioned above in connection with the addition of amonomer (M).

The incorporation of a monomer (M) or of an unsaturated polyester givescurable mixtures which can be used as impregnating resins; afteraddition of fillers they can be used as coating compositions.

The resins according to the invention are of value in industries whichrequire materials possessing good mechanical and electrical propertiesas well as high chemical inertness at temperatures of 200° C to 300° C.By way of example, they are very suitable for the manufacture ofinsulating sheets or tubes for electrical transformers, and themanufacture of printed circuits, gears and self-lubricating collars andbearings.

The following Examples further illustrate the present invention.

EXAMPLE 1

71.6 g. of N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide, b 3.34 g. ofbenzalazine and 12.7 g. of 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane are intimatelymixed. The mixture is thereafter spread on a metal plate and kept for 45minutes in a chamber heated to 145° C., and then for 14 hours at 130° C.

After cooling, the prepolymer is finely ground (particle diameter lessthan 100μ); a powder of softening point 140° C. is obtained. 25 g. ofthis powder are introduced into a cylindrical mould (diameter: 76 mm.)which is placed between the platens of a press which have beforehandbeen heated to 250° C. The whole is kept at this temperature for 1 hourunder a pressure of 200 bars. After release from the mould whilst hot,the article is subjected to a supplementary heat treatment at 250° C.for 24 hours. After cooling, it has a flexural breaking strength of 15.6kg./mm² (span: 25.4 mm.) at 25° C. After a heat test lasting 1,000 hoursat 250° C., this strength is still 14.8 kg./mm².

EXAMPLE 2

A prepolymer is prepared by heating the mixture of the reactantsdescribed in Example 1 to 150° C. for 50 minutes.

After cooling and grinding, a powder of softening point 115° C. isobtained.

a. 28 g. of powder are introduced into 40 g. of water with vigorousstirring. A sample (30 cm. × 45 cm.) of a satin type glass fabric havinga specific weight of 308 g./m² is impregnated with the suspension thusprepared; this fabric was beforehand subjected to thermal desizingfollowed by treatment with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The coatedfabric is thereafter dried at 140° C. for 25 minutes in a ventilatedatmosphere. 12 samples (10 cm. × 11 cm.) are cut from thispre-impregnated fabric and are stacked with the weft and warpalternating. The stack is thereafter placed between the platens of apress pre-heated to 130° C. and a pressure of 40 bars is applied. Thetemperature is now progressively raised to 250° C. over the course of 30minutes. During cooling the laminate is released when the temperaturereaches 150° C. and is then subjected to a supplementary heat treatmentlasting 24 hours at 250°C. After cooling, it has a flexural breakingstrength of 50.3 kg./mm² (span : 50 mm.) at 25° C. After a heat exposurelasting 200 hours at 300° C., this strength is still 29 kg./mm².

b. 12.5 g. of a prepolymer powder are taken and 12.5 g. of short glassfibres (length : 3 mm.) are incorporated therein. A moulding isthereafter produced with this filled prepolymer under the conditionsdescribed in Example 1. The moulded article has a flexural breakingstrength of 16.3 kg./mm² at 25° C. After a heat exposure of 500 hours at250° C. this strength is still 12 kg./mm².

EXAMPLE 3

72 g. of N,N'-4,4'-diphenyl-ether-bis-maleimide, 6.67 g. of benzalazineand 9.6 g. of 4,4'-diamino-diphenyl-ether are intimately mixed. Themixture is thereafter spread on a metal plate and is then kept in achamber at 165° C. for 40 minutes.

After cooling, the prepolymer is ground and the powder obtained isheated to 130°C. for 17 hours. This powder now has a softening point of153° C. 25 g. thereof are taken and moulded under the conditionsdescribed in Example 1. The moulded article has a flexural breakingstrength of 12 kg./mm² at 25° C. After a heat exposure lasting 1,540hours at 250° C. this strength is still 7.8 kg./mm².

EXAMPLES 4

A prepolymer is prepared by heating a mixture obtained from 32.2 g. ofN,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide, 1.25 g. of benzalazine and 10.7g. of 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane at 145° C. for 49 minutes. Thisprepolymer softens at 158° C. A moulded article is thereafter preparedunder the conditions described in Example 1, the duration of thesupplementary heat treatment being, however, 48 hours. The mouldedarticle has a flexural breaking strength of 4.2 kg./mm² at 250° C.

EXAMPLE 5

35.8 g. of N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide, 6.67 g. ofbenzalazine, 1.59 g. of 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane, 0.36 g. of maleicacid and 72mg. of diacarbicylcooctane are intimately mixed. This mixtureis thereafter heated to 150° C. for 35 minutes. After grinding, theprepolymer has a softening point of 192° C. 25 g. thereof are taken andmoulded under the conditions described in Example 1, the duration of thesupplementary heat treatment being, however, 60 hours. The mouldedarticle has a flexural breaking strength of 9.1 kg./mm² at 250° C. Aftera heat exposure lasting 840 hours at 250° C, this strength reaches 10.3kg./mm².

EXAMPLE 6

a. A prepolymer (PP1) is prepared by heating a mixture obtained from71.6 g. of N, N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide and 17.82 g. of4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane at 160° C. for 30 minutes. After cooling,the prepolymer is finely ground.

b. 83.25 g. of benzalazine are dissolved in 294 g. of dimethylformamideand the solution is then heated to 130° C. 358 g. ofN,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide are then introduced and thewhole is thereafter kept at 130° C. for 2 hours 30 minutes. Aftercooling, the solution is introduced, over the course of 5 minutes, into1.2 1, of vigorously stirred water; a precipitate forms, which is washedwith four 250 cm³ portions of water at 70° C. After drying at 60° C.under 3 mm. of mercury, 429 g. of a prepolymer powder (PP2) having asoftening point of 152° C. are obtained.

c. 10 g. of prepolymer (PP1) and 15 g. of prepolymer (PP2) areintimately mixed and this mixture is used to produce a moulded articleunder the conditions described in Example 1. The duration of thesupplementary heat treatment is 60 hours. The moulded article has aflexural breaking strength of 10.8 kg./mm² at 25° C. After a heatexposure of 840 hours at 250° C., this strength remains unchanged.

d. A moulding is produced under the conditions described under c) butusing 20 g. of prepolymer (PP1) and 5 g. of prepolymer (PP2). Themoulded article has a flexural breaking strength of 13.2 kg./mm² at 25°C. After a heat exposure lasting 840 hours at 250° C., this strength isstill 11.7 kg./mm².

EXAMPLE 7

A prepolymer is prepared by heating a mixture consisting of 35.8 g. ofN,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide, 6,67 g. of benzalazine and 1.59g. of 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane at 150° C. for 28 minutes. Aftercooling and grinding, 25 g. of the pre-polymer are taken and introducedinto the mould described in Example 1. The mould is placed between theplatens of a press which has previously been heated to 250° C. and thewhole is kept at this temperature for 1 hour under a pressure of 250bars. After release from the mould whilst hot, the article is subjectedto a supplementary heat treatment lasting 24 hours at 250° C. Aftercooling, it has a flexural breaking strength of 11.4 kg./mm² at 25° C.This strength remains unchanged after a heat exposure lasting 500 hoursat 300° C.

EXAMPLE 8

A mixture consisting of 43 g. ofN,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide, 1.52 g. of benzalazine, 6.5 g.of terphenyl and 6.5 g. of allyl phthalalte is kept at 140° C. for 25minutes under reduced pressure (1 mm. of mercury) and 7.6 g. of4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane are then introduced into the mixture. Thewhole is stirred for 10 minutes at 140° C. and the pre-polymer obtainedis then cast in a paerallelepiped mould (125 mm. × 75 mm. × 6 mm.)previously heated to 180° C. The mould is thereafter heated at 200° C.for 16 hours. After release from the mould whilst hot, the article issubjected to a supplementary heat-treatment at 250° C. for 30 hours. Ithas a flexural breaking strength of 16.3 kg./mm² at 25° C.

The terphenyl used in this Example contains, by weight, 13% ofortho-isomer, 62% of meta-isomer and 25% or para-isomer.

EXAMPLE 9

43 g of N,N'-4,4'-diphenylmethane-bis-maleimide, 1.52 g of benzalazineand 6.5 g of an unsaturated polyester, prepared by heating undernitrogen at 175° C. for 12 hours 46 kg of chlorendic acid, 13.7 kg ofmaleic acid and 14.85 g of ethylene glycol, are intimately mixed.

The mixture is then heated to 140° C. for 25 minutes under reducedpressure (1 mm Hg) and then 7.6 g of 4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane isadded.

The mixture is then agitated at 140° C. for 10 minutes and then theprepolymer thus obtained poured into a parallelepiped mould (125 × 75 ×6 mm) previously heated to 180° C. The mould is then heated to 200° C.for 16 hours.

After release from the mould whilst hot, the article is subjected to asupplementary heat-treatment at 250° C. for 24 hours. It then possessesa flexural breaking strength at 25° C. of 15.8 kg/mm².

I claim:
 1. A heat-stable cured resin consisting essentially of athree-dimensional polyimide which is obtained by reacting at betweenabout 50° C and 350° C at least one reactant from each of the followingfour groups: i. a bis-imide of the general formula: ##STR12## in which Ydenotes H, CH₃ or Cl, and A represents a linear or branched alkyleneradical having less than 13 carbon atoms, a phenylene or cyclohexyleneradical or one of the radicals of formulae: ##STR13## wherein nrepresents an integer from 1 to 3 or a divalent radical with 12 to 30carbon atoms consisting of phenylene or cyclohexylene radicals bonded toone another by a simple valency bond or by --O--, --S--, an alkylenegroup with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, --CO--, --SO₂ --, --NR₁ --, --N═N--,--CONH--, --COO--, --P(O)R₁ --, --CONH--X--NHCO--, ##STR14## wherein R₁represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms ora phenyl or cyclohexyl radical and X represents an alkylene radical withless than 13 carbon atoms, ii. a polyamine of the general formula:

    R (NH.sub.2).sub.x

in which x represents an integer from 2 to 4 denotes an organic radicalof valency x and selected from the group consisting of a 3 to 5 valentbenzene, methylbenzene, naphthalene, pyridine or triazine radical, a 3to 5 valent radical consisting of phenylene radicals bonded to oneanother by a simple valency bond or by --O--, --S--, an alkylene groupwith 1 to 3 carbon atoms, --CO--, --SO₂ --, NR₁ --, --N═N--, --CONH--,--COO--, --P(O)R₁ --, --CONH--X--NHCO--, ##STR15## wherein R₁ representsa hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenylor cyclohexyl radical and X represents an alkylene radical with lessthan 13 carbon atoms ##STR16## a linear or branched alkylene radicalhaving less than 13 carbon atoms, a phenylene or cyclohexylene radicalor one of the radicals of the formulae: ##STR17## wherein n representsan integer from 1 to 3 or a divalent radical with 12 to 30 carbon atomsconsisting of phenylene or cyclohexylene radicals bonded to one anotherby a simple valency bond or by --O--, --S--, an alkylene group with 1 to3 carbon atoms, --CO--, --SO₂ --, --NR₁ --, --N═N--, --CONH--, --COO--,--P(O)R₁ --, --CONH--X--NHCO--, ##STR18## wherein R₁ represents ahydrogen atom, an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl orcyclohexyl radical; iii. an alazine of the general formula:

    G -- CH ═ N-- N═ CH -- G

in which G represents a monovalent carbocyclic aromatic radical, and iv.a polymerisable monomer other than a bis-imide, containing at least onepolymerisable vinyl, maleic, allyl or acrylic --CH ═ C< group, in anamount from 5 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of thereactants (i), (ii) and (iii)in such amounts that if N₁ represents thenumber of mols of bis-imide employed, N₂ represents the number of molsof polyamine employed and N₃ represents the number of mols of alazineemployed, the ratio ##EQU5## is from 1.5 to 10, x being defined asabove.
 2. A resin according to claim 1 in which the polyamine is adi-primary diamine of the general formula:

    NH.sub.2 -- E -- NH.sub.2

in which E represents a linear or branched alkylene radical having lessthan 13 carbon atoms, a phenylene or cyclohexylene radical or one of theradicals of the formulae: ##STR19## wherein n represents an integer from1 to 3 or a divalent radical with 12 to 30 carbon atoms consisting ofphenylene or cyclohexylene radicals bonded to one another by a simplevalency bond or by --O--, --S--, an alkylene group with 1 to 3 carbonatoms. --CO--, --SO₂ --, --NR₁ --, --N═N--, --CONH--, --COO--, --P(O)R₁--, --CONH--X--NHCO--, ##STR20## wherein R₁ represents a hydrogen atom,an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl or cyclohexylradical and X represents an alkylene radical with less than 13 carbonatoms.
 3. A resin according to claim 2 in which A and/or E denotes alinear or branched alkylene radical having less than 13 carbon atoms, aphenylene or cyclohexylene radical, or one of the radicals of theformulae: ##STR21## wherein n represents an integer from 1 to 3 or adivalent radical with 12 to 30 carbon atoms consisting of phenylene orcyclohexylene radicals bonded to one another by a simple valency bond orby --O--, --S--, an alkylene group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, --CO--,--SO₂ --, --NR₁ --, --N═N--, --CONH--, --COO--, --P(O)R₁ --,--CONH--X--NHCO--, ##STR22## wherein R₁ represents a hydrogen atom, analkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl or cyclohexyl radicaland X represents an alkylene radical with less than 13 carbon atoms. 4.The resin according to claim 2 in which at least one of A and Erepresents: ##STR23##
 5. The resin according to claim 1 in which Gdenotes a phenyl radical.
 6. The resin according to claim 1 in which

    x N.sub.3 /2 N.sub.2

is between 0.05 and
 20. 7. The resin according to claim 1 in which isobtained by preparing a shapable, heat-curable prepolymer by heatingbetween about 50° C. and 180° C. a mixture of the bis-imide, polyamineand alazine in bulk until a homogenous liquid is obtained, or in a polarsolvent, adding the polymerisable monomer and then curing the prepolymerby subsequent heating at between about 150° C. and 300° C.
 8. The resinaccording to claim 1 which is obtained by preparing a shapable,heat-curable prepolymer (PP) from the alazine and a shapable,heat-curable prepolymer (P₁) obtained from the bis-imide and thepolyamine, adding the polyerisable monomer and then curing theprepolymer by subsequent heating at between about 150° C. and 300° C. 9.The resin according to claim 1 which is obtained by preparing ashapable, heat-curable prepolymer (PP) from the polyamine and from ashapable, heat-curable prepolymer (P₂) obtained from the alazine and thebis-imide, adding the polymerisable monomer and then curing theprepolymer by subsequent heating at between about 150° C. and 300° C.10. The resin according to claim 1 which is obtained by preparing ashapable, heat-curable prepolymer (PP) by mixing a shapable,heat-curable prepolymer (PP₁) obtained from a part of the bis-imide andfrom the polyamine, with a shapable heat-curable prepolymer (PP₂)obtained from the alazine and the remainder of the bis-imide, adding thepolymerisable monomer and then curing the prepolymer by subsequentheating at between about 150° C. and 300° C.
 11. The resin according toclaim 1 in which before curing an aromatic compound possessing 2 to 4benzene rings which is not sublimable under atmospheric pressure up toabout 250° C. and which has a boiling point above about 250° C. isincorporated.
 12. The resin according to claim 11 in which the aromaticcompound is a terphenyl.
 13. The resin according to claim 1 in which thepolymerisable monomer is allyl phthalate.
 14. A shapable, heat-curableprepolymer thermosetting composition obtained by heating between about50° C. and 180° C. a mixture of a bis-imide, polyamine, alazine, and thepolymerisable monomer all as defined in claim 1, in the amountsspecified in claim 21 until a homogeneous liquid is obtained.
 15. Ashapable, heat-curable prepolymer composition according to claim 14obtained by heating a mixture of a bis-imide, polyamine, alazine, andthe polymerisable monomer as defined in claim 1, in the amountsspecified in claim 21, in a polar solvent.
 16. A shapable, heat-curableprepolymer composition obtained from an alazine as defined in claim 1, ashapable, heat-curable prepolymer (P₁) obtained from bis-imide andpolyamine as defined in claim 1, and a polymerisable monomer as definedin claim
 1. 17. A shapable, heat-curable prepolymer composition obtainedfrom a polyamine as defined in claim 1, a shapable, heat-curableprepolymer (P₂) obtained from alazine and bis-imide as defined in claim1, and a polymerisable monomer as defined in claim
 1. 18. A shapable,heat-curable prepolymer composition obtained by mixing a shapable,heat-curable prepolymer (PP₁) obtained from a part of the bis-imide andfrom the polyamine, as defined in claim 1, with a shapable, heat-curablepre-polymer (PP₂) obtained from the remainder of the bis-imide and froman alazine as defined in claim 1, and a polymerisable monomer as definedin claim
 1. 19. The resin according to claim 1 in which G denotes aphenyl radical substituted by a fluorine, chlorine, methyl, methoxy ornitro group.